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Estimation of Missing National IQs
We want to extend the analysis to the further 104 countries with populations of more than 50,000 for which we have not been able to find IQ data. For these 104 countries we have estimated the IQs. Two principles have been adopted for making the estimates of national IQs for those countries for which data are lacking. First, it is assumed that national IQs which are unknown will be closely similar to those in neighboring countries whose IQs are known. It can be seen from the results set out in Table 6.1 that neighboring countries normally have closely similar IQs. Thus, for instance, the IQ in both Germany and the Netherlands is 102; the IQ in Japan is 105 and the IQ in South Korea is 106; the IQ in Argentina and in Uruguay is 96; the IQ in Uganda is 73 and in Kenya 72; and so forth. It is therefore assumed that where national IQs are unknown, they will be closely similar to those in neighboring countries. We have therefore taken the most appropriate neighboring countries and used their IQs to assign IQs to countries whose IQs are unknown. Where there are two or more appropriate neighboring countries, the IQs of these are averaged to obtain an estimated IQ for the country whose IQ is unknown. Thus, for example, to estimate an IQ for Afghanistan, we have averaged the IQs of neighboring India (81) and Iran (84) to give an IQ of 83. Averages with decimal points have been rounded towards 100.
A second principle for the estimation of national IQs has been used for several countries which are racially mixed and for which there is no similar neighboring country. In these cases we have assigned IQs to the racial groups on the basis of the known IQs of these groups in neighboring countries. For example, Cape Verde, the archipelago off the coast of Senegal, has a population which is 1 percent white, 28 percent black and 71 percent mixed black-white (Philip's, 1996). On the basis of the IQs of these groups in South Africa, it is assumed that the whites have an IQ of 94, the blacks of 66 and the mixed of 82, the IQ of South African coloreds (see Appendix 1). Weighting these figures by the percentages in the population gives an IQ of 78.
The racially mixed population of the Comoros consists of African (black), Arab and Malagasy elements. It is not any longer possible to separate clearly different racial groups. Because the racial composition of the population is comparable with Madagascar's population, we estimate its national IQ to be 79, the same as in Madagascar. The Malayo-Polynesians and Negroids constitute the principal elements in the racially mixed population of Madagascar. The contribution of each of them may be approximately equal. Therefore, it is reasonable to estimate the national IQ for Madagascar on the basis of the Philippines (86) and Tanzania (72), which gives an IQ of 79 for Madagascar. For Mauritius, the population consists of 68 percent Indians, 27 percent Creole (black-white hybrids), 3 percent Chinese and 1 percent whites. It is assumed that the IQs are 81 for the Indians (as in India), 82 for the Creoles (as for South African coloreds), 100 for the Chinese (as in China) and 94 for the whites (as for the whites in South Africa). Weighting these figures by the percentages in the population gives an IQ of 81.
Table 4 shows these estimated IQs and the comparison countries on which they are based, together with measured IQs. We should emphasize that these data on national IQs are estimates and that they certainly contain errors, but we assume that the margin of error is relatively small in nearly all cases.
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